Clinical Significance

HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) includes HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is generally considered to be more infectious than HIV-2 subtypes, with a higher lethality rate in untreated cases.
    HIV-1 is divided into four groups: Group M (meaning "major"); Group O (meaning "outlier," or beyond where other groups are seen); Group N (meaning "non-M" and "non-O"); and Group P (meaning "pending"). Group M is the major prevalent group, including 11 subtypes: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J and K. Group O was first identified in Cameroon, Africa in 1990, and has been confined to West and Central Africa, such as Cameroon, Gabon, Chad, and other countries. The infection rate of group O is very low compared to the globally widespread HIV-1 group M virus.
    HIV-1 is the main prevalent type in China, and 8 subtypes of HIV-1 type A, B (European and American B), B′ (Thai B), C, D, E, F and G have been found, as well as different prevalent recombinant types.
    The N-terminal peptide of the HIV-1 gp41/HIV-2 gp36 extracellular domain (trimer) interacts with the C-terminal peptide to form a six-stranded helix bundle. The six-helix bundle structure is extremely antigenic, with antibody titers induced by the HIV six-helix bundle structure in the blood of HIV-infected patients exceeding one to three million. 

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