Clinical Significance

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a basic single-chain polypeptide hormone secreted by the main cells of the parathyroid glands. The main function of PTH is to regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism in vertebrates, increasing blood calcium levels and decreasing blood phosphorus levels; PTH increases plasma calcium ion concentration and its main target organs are bone and kidney. It mobilizes bone calcium into the blood and promotes renal tubular reabsorption of calcium ions and excretion of phosphate, resulting in an increase in blood calcium concentrations and a decrease in blood phosphorus concentrations. In addition, PTH indirectly promotes the absorption of calcium ions in the intestine, and its secretion is mainly regulated by plasma calcium ion concentration. The secretion of PTH is mainly regulated by plasma calcium ion concentration, which is inhibited by an increase in plasma calcium ion concentration, and stimulated by a decrease in plasma calcium ion concentration.

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