Clinical Significance

Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA, SCC) is a subfragment of glycoprotein TA-4 isolated from cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissue. SCC is a 42 kDa glycoprotein that can be detected by immunohistochemical analysis of squamous tissues of the lung, vulva, lower cervix, esophagus, and skin. The corresponding genes of SCCA encode two antigens, neutral SCCA1 and acidic SCCA2, which can be detected in serum. The biological function of SCCA is to inhibit enzyme activity. SCCA1 can inhibit papain-like cysteine proteases (cathepsin L, S and K), and SCCA2 can inhibit chymotrypsin-like serine proteases, cathepsin G and chymase.
SCCA is a very specific tumor marker for squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen was first used to diagnose squamous cell carcinoma. Cervical cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen increased, and its concentration increased with the aggravation of the disease. Determination of squamous cell carcinoma antigen can monitor the efficacy, recurrence, metastasis and prognosis of these tumors.

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