Clinical Significance

West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that can cause serious illness in humans, birds, horses, and other animals.       It is part of the Flavivirus genus, which also includes other viruses like dengue, Zika, and yellow fever.

WNV infection is diagnosed through laboratory tests, typically by detecting WNV-specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests can also be used to detect WNV RNA in blood or CSF.

Severe neurological illnesses caused by WNV can lead to long-term complications, such as persistent muscle weakness, fatigue, and cognitive impairments.  Some individuals may experience long-term recovery and rehabilitation needs due to the severity of the neurological impact.